What is a VPN? What to know about virtual private networks

Although you may browse the internet and shop online in the privacy of your home, your activity is anything but secret. The companies whose websites you browse, your internet provider, and hackers can track a lot more than you realize.

It’s true: Standard internet connections leave a lot out in the open. But with a virtual private network, or VPN, you can conceal your online activity from watchful eyes. These services redirect your internet activity through a remote server to keep your personal data more secure.

They’re not foolproof, but VPNs are a vital tool for many consumers and businesses looking for privacy in the internet age. Here’s what you should know about how they work and when the best VPN services valuable.

What does a VPN do?

When you go online through a standard internet connection, your internet service provider (ISP) can see details about all your activity. Likewise, companies can track your searches and website hits — even your location — to start targeting you with specific advertising. Ever start seeing ads for live TV streaming services after you click on one Netflix ad? Now you know why.

A VPN conceals your activity from those prying eyes. It creates a sort of virtual tunnel to a remote server in another part of the world. When you transmit or receive information online, it first passes through this tunnel and is encrypted so that no one can track what you’re doing.

The VPN even conceals your location by hiding your internet protocol (IP) address. Your network provides this unique identifier, which reveals your device and location. However, when you pass through a VPN, only the IP address of the VPN is visible. That may point to another country, far across the world.

Although there are some free VPN services, their features and security levels are fairly limited. To get true security, it’s usually best to pay for a VPN subscription, which can range from $2 to $15 per month.

What do you need a VPN for?

VPN services offer a wide range of benefits. Here are four of the most common reasons to consider using one.

Privacy

Given how easily your activity can be exposed online, this is the most common reason to consider a VPN. You may simply not be keen on the idea that your ISP and online retailers — and even your employer or school when you use their network — can view some of your online activity.

Because a VPN encrypts your activity and redirects your activity, it allows you to keep your online world under wraps. It doesn’t provide complete anonymity, but it makes it much harder for others to monitor what you do.

Protecting personal information

Privacy concerns extend well beyond the simple nuisance of being targeted with ads. Companies use your online activity to learn a lot about you, including information about your family size, household income and specific location. More sensitive information, such as your address, birthday and Social Security number, may also be exposed.

VPNs use the latest encryption technology to keep your personal information concealed from advertisers and bad actors. There are a variety of security standards, but 256-bit AES is the highest level, and it’s a good idea to look for this if protecting your data is your top priority. No method can entirely prevent hackers from accessing your information, but this makes it much more difficult.

Security

Security becomes an even greater concern when you connect to the internet through public Wi-Fi networks. Hackers frequently use public connections to look for vulnerable users and attempt to steal information such as website passwords or banking information.

However, when you connect to a VPN before engaging in activity over a public network, all your activity will be encrypted and concealed from malicious actors. Some VPNs can even protect you from malware or more advanced cyber-attacks. To ensure your connection stays secure, look for a VPN that includes a kill switch — a feature that automatically terminates your internet connection if your VPN drops.

Changing location

A lot of what you can see and access online is determined by your location. Websites and apps use geo-tracking to determine what content they feed to you, and a good VPN blocks their ability to do this. 

When the VPN shows your location is somewhere else in the world, you may gain access to different pricing on retail goods or travel. Likewise, you may even be able to stream content or access certain channels that aren’t available in your geographical area. Beware, though, that using a VPN this way may violate your streaming provider’s terms of service. 

Are VPNs legal?

VPNs are legal in many countries, including the U.S. and Canada. Other countries, such as North Korea, China and Russia, prohibit or severely restrict their use. Additionally, some streaming services explicitly forbid using a VPN to access content that isn’t available in your region.

Before you use a VPN, it’s always a good idea to check the laws in your area and review your streaming provider’s terms of service for any limitations.  

Our recommended VPNs

Not all VPNs are created equal. Some adhere to the highest standards of industry security, while others focus on affordability and connection speed. Your choice will come down to a combination of factors like cost, operating system compatibility, maximum simultaneous connections and more. Here are some of our favorite providers to consider:

• NordVPN: For high-speed activities like streaming or gaming, NordVPN consistently wins out.
• ExpressVPN: Known for its commitment to top-notch security standards and user privacy, this is one of the most secure options you can find.
• ProtonVPN: Although paid VPNs are typically the best choice, ProtonVPN offers a reliable free option with limited features.
  

When shopping for a VPN provider, consider your typical internet usage and what you most need out of the service. While a business may put security as its top concern, a gamer may need other features, such as connection speed and geoblocking. Understanding your browsing habits will help you make the best decision on a VPN provider.

FAQ

How do I get a VPN?

VPN providers sell access to their servers on a month-to-month basis or via a long-term subscription. Some offer limited free access or free trials. Compare options and features and sign up for service to start using a VPN.

Is there a downside to always using a VPN?

VPNs do come with some downsides, such as slower connection speeds or barriers to connecting to certain websites or services. If you don’t want to jump back and forth between VPN and non-VPN connections, consider providers that offer split tunneling. This feature allows you to route certain activities through a VPN and others through your standard connection.

How much does a VPN cost?

VPN pricing varies, with some services available for free and others costing as much as $15 per month. Most providers offer better value if you pay for a year or more upfront.